The locations of the attacks on Armenians and their residences are indicated on the map by crosses. The notes are primarily from areas of the city where Armenians previously resided, including Ermanikyand, Zavokzalnaya, Montino, Khutor, as well as the suburbs of Kirov and Razin, where Armenians constituted approximately a fifth of the population. In addition to the aforementioned locations, ethnic Armenians were subjected to violence at the railway station, port, and airport when attempting to flee Baku via any available means.
Ermanikyand district was built according to the project of Nikoghayos Baev. The Church of the Holy Translators was constructed on this site. Following the capture of Baku by the Turkish army on September 15, 1918, the Turko-Tatars completely looted the church. The financial loss incurred by the church was estimated at 37,740 rubles. Following the establishment of Soviet rule in Azerbaijan at the end of December 1929, the “Workers’ Club” formally requested the closure of the church and the return of the keys. In the subsequent two days, the Azerbaijani population proceeded to loot the church. Thereafter, the building was reconstructed and repurposed as a cultural center.
The programmed change of the demographic image of Ermenikend district started back in the 1970s, when the Soviet government of Azerbaijan initiated a relocation program for Armenians to the periphery of the city. This initiative, ostensibly aimed at facilitating the construction of new residential units, effectively displaced a significant portion of the district’s Armenian population. Bread and other food products are not delivered systematically.
Zavokzalnaya (later Narimanov) district was home to a sizable Armenian population. Before the massacre of 1918, 394 Armenian families lived on Kazimzade Street (former 4th Zavokzalnaya). 443 people escaped during the massacre. 276 people were killed, 262 disappeared, 164 were captured on the streets of Zavokzaln district. 8 out of 10 residents were killed in house number 22 on the 4th street of Zavokzalnaya district. The most serious crimes were committed in this district both in 1918 and 1990.
In Montino, massacres, robberies and violence took place unhindered with great force. Armenians also lived compactly here: highly qualified oil workers, machine builders etc. Moskovsky Avenue runs through the center of Montino, which starts from the train station and is the first, most difficult part of the route to the airport. The leading industrial enterprises of the city are located on both sides of the avenue.
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The 8th micro-district was perhaps the leading area among similar settlements in Baku with the intensity of pogroms and anti-Armenian hysteria. This was explained, first of all, by being close to the highway of Lenin Avenue, on the one hand, and to the Kirov suburb, where many Armenians lived, on the other. Secondly, during the development of the micro-district, the residents of the entire neighborhoods destroyed in the center, mainly Armenians, received apartments. All mixed Armenian-Azerbaijani families were recorded here, even those daughters-in-law who have an Azerbaijani surname but an Armenian grandmother were recorded. In the middle of the night, the husbands and mothers-in-law of such families were demanded to urgently remove such women from their homes.
In the suburb of Kirov, which directly adjoins the 8th microdistrict and is considered the northern outskirts of Baku, the robbers felt at ease, in complete impunity. Razin settlement is the center of Leninsky district. During the pogroms that took place in Baku on January 13-19, the violence that took place here was in no way inferior to the pogroms that took place in the center of the city.
Panarmenian Union Gardman Shirvan Nakhijevan
Map of Baku pogroms, January 1990 prepared by Irina Mosesova.